What does '**' represent in Python?

In Python, the '**' operator is used to perform exponentiation, which means it raises a number to the power of another number. For example, if you write 2 ** 3, it calculates (2) raised to the power of (3), resulting in (8). This operator is especially useful in mathematical computations where powers are involved, making it clear and concise for the programmer.

In contrast, multiplication is represented by the '*' operator, concatenation (which is primarily used for strings) is done with the '+' operator, and subtraction is handled using the '-' operator. Understanding these operators and their specific functions helps to write clear and effective Python code.